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・ Credit Union SA
・ Credit Union Service Organization
・ Credit Union Share Insurance Fund Parity Act
・ Credit Union Times
・ Credit unions in Canada
・ Credit unions in the United Kingdom
・ Credit unions in the United States
・ Credit Valley Conservation
・ Credit Valley Hospital
・ Credit Valley Railway
・ Credit valuation adjustment
・ Credit Where Credit's Due
・ Credit zombie
・ Credit-based fair queuing
・ Credit-linked note
Credit-ticket system
・ Creditanstalt
・ Creditbank
・ Creditcall
・ CreditCards.com
・ Creditinfo
・ Creditinform
・ Credito Italiano
・ Credito Valtellinese
・ Crediton
・ Crediton Hamlets
・ Crediton Hundred
・ Crediton Parish Church
・ Crediton railway station
・ Crediton United A.F.C.


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Credit-ticket system : ウィキペディア英語版
Credit-ticket system
The credit-ticket system was a form of emigration prevalent in the mid to late nineteenth century, in which brokers advanced the cost of the passage to workers and retained control over their services until they repaid their debt in full.〔Cloud, Patricia and David W. Galenson. “Chinese Immigration and Contract Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century,” ''Explorations in Economic History'' 24.1 (1987): 26.〕 It generally refers to the immigration of Chinese to California, but migrants to Hawaii, British Columbia, and Australia participated in a similar process.〔Northrup, David. ''Indentured Labor in the Age of Imperialism, 1834-1922'', 1995, 58.〕 Controversy exists over whether or not the credit-ticket system was actually voluntary. The association of Chinese laborers with involuntary contract labor during a time in which it was illegal exacerbated the public’s anti-Asian sentiments.〔Lee, Robert G. ''Orientals'', 1999, 60-61.〕 However, because of the lack of documentation regarding the credit-ticket system, it is difficult to prove whether or not Chinese laborers were truly free agents.
==Origins==


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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